covariance calculator with probability

For the latter, my guess is that this is by marginalization, but I cannot find it stated explicitly anywhere and I … \begin{align} s_{XY} &=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n(x_i-\bar{X})(y_i-\bar{Y})}{n-1}\end{align}, \begin{align} \sigma_{XY}=\sum_{i=1}^N\frac{(x_i-\mu_X)(y_i-\mu_Y)}{N}\end{align}, $$\sigma_{XY}=\sum_{i=1}^N\frac{x_iy_i}{N}-\mu_X\mu_Y$$, By continuing with ncalculators.com, you acknowledge & agree to our, Population Confidence Interval Calculator. The below given is the simple online Sample mean and covariance calculator which will be a very useful one for you to perform the calculation for the same with ease. These values must be real numbers or variables and may be separated by commas. Advanced Statistics / Probability: Saturday at 8:34 AM: Short question on finding a probability distribution of a DRV: Advanced Statistics / Probability: Friday at 8:58 AM: How to calculate covariance given a probability distribution table. Covariance[v1, v2] gives the covariance between the vectors v1 and v2. Use this free calculator to compute the covariance between two variables X and Y given correlation coefficient (Pearson’s) and standard deviations. Statistics / Probability: Nov 21, 2009: Finding Covariance of Continuous Probability Distributions X̄ – the mean (a… Data set x = 5, 12, 18, 23, 45 A negative covariance means that the variables are negatively related, and they have the opposite directions. Click the Calculate! Daily Closing Prices of Two Stocks arranged as per returns. You can use our online calculators free of cost. Find what is correlation coefficient for given input data? Step 2: Calculate the mean value for y i by adding all values and dividing them by sample size. Our covariance calculator with probability helps you in statistics measurements by using the given formulas: Sample Covariance Formula: Sample Cov (X,Y) = Σ E((X-μ)E(Y-ν)) / n-1. We also have other math related calculator like Factor Calculator, GCF Calculator & Factorial Calculator. Formula Probability Approach. Calculators by Category 1. Click the Calculate! ... Y consist of the entire population of interest and in such case it is a population parameter stemming from the joint probability distribution. Practice Problem 2: Press the "GENERATE WORK" button to make the computation. When there are higher dimensions or random variables in the population, a matrix represents the relationship among the various dimensions. The Bernoulli distribution is a discrete probability distribution in which the random variable can take only two possible values 0 or 1, where 1 is assigned in case of success or occurrence (of the desired event) and 0 on failure or non-occurrence. It is based on the probability-weighted average of the cross-products of the random variables’ deviations from their expected values for each possible outcome. We hope you liked our calculator & … Input the matrix in the text field below in the same format as matrices given in the examples. Correlation between X and Y: Standard deviation for X: Standard deviation for Y: Correlation between X and Y must be a number between -0.99999 read more Then, using this information about the samples, you use the following formula: Usually, this is computed by constructing a table with XiX_iXi​ and YiY_iYi​ values, but also with the products XiYiX_i Y_iXi​Yi​in a column. It's used in correlation coefficient to find the linear relationship between two random variables. \end{align} How does this covariance calculator work? These topics are somewhat specialized, but are particularly important in multivariate statistical models and for the multivariate normal distribution. $$Y_{mean}= 8.718$$ Step 3: Now, calculate the x diff. The use of this calculator is simple: You need to input the sample data for the variables $$X$$ and $$Y$$, and press the "Calculate" button. The procedure to use the Covariance calculator is as follows: Find the covariance between the given two sets of data $X: 13, 12, 15, 18, 21$ and $Y: 15, 29, 11, 14, 34$. Covariance Matrix Calculator. Consider the Correlation of a random variable with a constant. The covariance describes the returns on two different investments over a period of time when compared to different variables. In case the greater values of one variable are linked to the greater values of the second variable considered, and the same corresponds for the smaller figures, then the covariance is positive and is a signal that the two variables show similar behavior. If the greater values of one variable mainly correspond with the greater values of the other variable, and the same holds for the lesser values, (i.e., the variables tend to show similar behavior), the covariance is positive. Consider the following example: Example. If the greater values of one variable mainly correspond with the greater values of the other variable, and the same holds for the lesser values (that is, the variables tend to show similar behavior), the covariance is positive. A positive covariance means that the two variables are positively related, and they have the same direction. Calculate Covariance (Cov) and Coefficient of correlation (r) by calculator It also shows the expected value (mean) of each random variable. Find the covariance between them. \end{align} In the above covariance equation; X is said to be as a random variable; E(X) = μ is said to be the expected value (the mean) of the random variable X Covariance Calculator is a free online tool that displays the covariance of the two variables. getcalc.com's Covariance calculator is an online statistics & probability tool to estimate the nature of association between two random variables X & Y in probability & statistics experiments. Lecture 4: Joint probability distributions; covariance; correlation 10 October 2007 In this lecture we’ll learn the following: 1. what joint probability distributions are; 2. visualizing multiple variables/joint probability distributions; 3. marginalization; 4. what covariariance … The covariance formula is similar to the formula for correlation and deals with the calculation of data points from the average value in a dataset. This calculator is featured to generate the complete work with steps for any corresponding input values may helpful for grade school students to solve covaraince worksheet or homework problems or learners to know how the input values are being used in the mathematical formula. Enter the data sets of input points in the appropriate fields of the Covariance Calculator and calculate the above parameters as well as the number of input values (dataset size). Formulas that calculate covariance can predict how two stocks might perform relative to each other in the future. Cov(x,y) = ((0.2 * (-1.02)) +((-0.1) * 0.78)+(0.5 * 0.98) +(0.… Variance calculator will calculate the resultant variance and display results for both Variance (σ 2) and Variance σ 2 (Sample). Covariance Calculator calculator, formula and work with steps to estimate the relationship (linear dependence) between two dataset in statistical experiments. How to use this Covariance Calculator. Coefficient of Variance Calculator calculator, formula and work with steps to estimate the relative variability of 2 or more dataset in the statistical experiments. The covariance between $X$ and $Y$ is defined as \begin{align}%\label{} \nonumber \textrm{Cov}(X,Y)&=E\big[(X-EX)(Y-EY)\big]=E[XY]-(EX)(EY). Users may refer this below formula to know what are all the parameters are being used in the covariance formula to find the inter-relationship between two samples. It's an online statistics and probability tool requires two sets of population data X and Y and measures of how much these data sets vary together, i.e. Supports weighted covariance calculation. For example, the covariance between two random variables X and Y can be calculated using the following formula (for population): For a sample covariance, the formula is slightly adjusted: Where: 1. A common measure of the relationship between the two random variables is the covariance. Follow the below steps to calculate covariance: Step 1: Calculate the mean value for x i by adding all values and dividing them by sample size, which is 5 in this case. Lecture 21: Conditional Distributions and Covariance / Correlation Statistics 104 Colin Rundel April 9, 2012 6.3, 6.4 Conditional Distributions Conditional Probability / Distributions Correlation between X and Y: Standard deviation for X: Standard deviation for Y: Correlation between X and Y must be a number between -0.99999 read more Covariance[m] gives the covariance matrix for the matrix m. Covariance[m1, m2] gives the covariance matrix for the matrices m1 and m2. Anyway, it is possible to calculate the covariance using basic definitions and from scratch. It is one of the forms of quantitative statistical analysis. For example, height and weight of gira es have positive covariance because when one is big the other tends also to be big. Correlation gives the degree to which the variables tend to move together in the corresponding direction. The covariance is non-linear or zero, if the two random variables are statistically independent. Please input values in the required fields and click CALCULATE. The first application of covariance is in determining the correlation coefficient. Interpreting the Covariance Results Look for a positive or negative relationship. The covariance is a … Now, we also need to be able to calculate the covariance and correlation for a joint probability function. This statistics calculator is intended for calculation of the mean values and covariance of two given sets of data points. Covariance is a method to estimate the nature of association between two random variables X & Y in probability & statistics experiments. Covariance Calculator estimates the statistical relationship (linear dependence) between the two sets of population data X and Y. The covariance matrix of any sample matrix can be expressed in the following way: where x i is the i'th row of the sample matrix. The smaller X values and greater Y values give a positive covariance ranking, while the greater X values and the smaller Y values … Covariance calculator. For example, the covariance between two random variables X and Y can be calculated using the following formula (for population): For a sample covariance, the formula is slightly adjusted: Where: We also have other math related calculator like Factor Calculator, GCF Calculator & Factorial Calculator. You can use our online calculators free of cost. This calculator is featured to generate the complete work with steps for any corresponding input values may helpful for grade school students to solve covaraince worksheet or homework problems or learners to know how … The large or smaller values of both X & Y variables result the positive score of covariance while the larger values of variable X and smaller values of variable Y results the negative score of covariance. In addition to the below examples, users can generate work for covariance calculation for any corresponding input values. As this is rare in practice, the sample covariance is used more often. By using this formula, after calculation, you can verify the result of such calculations by using our covariance calculator. Covariance Matrix Calculator. The variance is a special case of the covariance in which the two sets of data are identical. Users can use this covariance calculator to estimate the linear association between X and Y or to generate the step by step estimation for any corresponding input values. ... Y consist of the entire population of interest and in such case it is a population parameter stemming from the joint probability distribution. We use the joint distribution for Example 9 in "Variance." ned on a probability space, it is useful to de-scribe how they vary together. The mean of the data is (for calculating it, see mean calculator).. getcalc.com's Covariance calculator is an online statistics & probability tool to estimate the nature of association between two random variables X & Y in probability & statistics experiments. Use our online bivariate distribution calculator to calculate the probability density based on the given values of percentile X, Y and correlation coefficient. The Poisson distribution refers to a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a specific number of events to take place in a fixed interval of time and/or space assuming that these events take place with a given average rate and independently of the time since the occurrence of the last event. A common measure of the relationship between the two random variables is the covariance. 1. Covariance is the expected value of the product , where and are defined as follows: and are the deviations of and from their respective means Always the number of input values you enter should be same for both the X and Y variables. Let us consider two samples $X=(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ and $Y=(y_1,\ldots, y_n)$ of $n$ outcomes. Input Data : First, we need to have two samples of the same size: X1,X2,....,XnX_1, X_2, ...., X_nX1​,X2​,....,Xn​ and Y1,Y2,....,YnY_1, Y_2, ...., Y_nY1​,Y2​,....,Yn​. Note that cov(x,x)=V(x). If we divide the covariance by the standard deviation of X and the standard deviation of Y, we will get the correlation coefficient. Total number of elements = 5 So calculate Covariance.Mean is calculated as:Covariance is calculated using the formula given belowCov(x,y) = Σ ((xi – x) * (yi – y)) / (N – 1) 1. Always the number of input values you enter should be same for both the X and Y variables. The given table shows the number of borrowed geometry and statistics books in week from Monday to Friday. button and find out the covariance matrix of a multivariate sample. In the world of statistics and probability, covariance formula calculates the covariance between two random changeable variables X and Y. It is very useful in finance. For this sample problem, there are nine data pairs, so n is 9. To de ne covariance, we need to describe the expected value of a function of two random vari-ables. As this is rare in practice, the sample covariance is used more often. person_outlineTimurschedule 2019-02-27 13:23:49. Since we have points, .. The nomenclature in this article's title parallels the phrase law of total variance. Example 3: Covariance and Correlation Coefficient (Discrete Case) Determine the covariance and correlation coefficient given the following joint probability mass function: $$f\left(x,y\right)=c\left(x^2+3y\right)\ \ \ \ \ \ x=1,2,3,4,\ \ \ y=1,2$$ Solution: First, we need to find the value of c and then proceed to extract the marginal functions. How to Use the Covariance Calculator? Sample Mean and Covariance Calculator. This statistics calculator is intended for calculation of the mean values and covariance of two given sets of data points. Please input values in the required fields and click CALCULATE. 2. How to Use the Covariance Calculator? Formula to estimate covariance {cov(X, Y)} between two variables X & Y. button and find out the covariance matrix of a multivariate sample. Expected Value and Covariance Matrices The main purpose of this section is a discussion of expected value and covariance for random matrices and vectors. Of course, you could solve for Covariance in terms of the Correlation; we would just have the Correlation times the product of the Standard Deviations of the two random variables. Calculate Covariance (Cov) and Coefficient of correlation (r) by calculator The covariance formula is similar to the formula for correlation and deals with the calculation of data points from the average value in a dataset. It's either a positive or negative number often denoted by cov(X, Y). Xi – the values of the X-variable 2. Enter two data sets X and Y (observed values) in the box. It tells us if there is a relationship between two variables and which direction that relationship is in. Use the code as it is for proper working. We hope you liked our calculator & … The sample variance of data is given by the formula , where is the number of values, are the values themselves, and is the mean of the values.. Actually, it is the square of standard deviation.. In investment, covariance of returns measures how the rate of return on one asset varies in relation to the rate of return on other assets or a portfolio. Practice Problem 1: Sample Mean and Covariance Calculator. BYJU’S online covariance calculator tool makes the calculation faster and it displays the covariance of the data in a fraction of seconds. The covariance between $X$ and $Y$ is defined as \begin{align}%\label{} \nonumber \textrm{Cov}(X,Y)&=E\big[(X-EX)(Y-EY)\big]=E[XY]-(EX)(EY). While the formula for covariance given above is correct, we use a slightly modified formula to calculate the covariance of returns from a joint probability model. We can calculate the covariance between two asset returns given the joint probability distribution. If it is positive then stocks move in the same direction or move in opposite directions leads to negative covariance. In data analysis and statistics, covariance indicates how much two random variables change together. So, if $X\equiv Y$, then covariance becomes variance. Input the matrix in the text field below in the same format as matrices given in the examples. It's an online statistics and probability tool requires two sets of population data X and Y and measures of how much these data sets vary together, i.e. Thus, This online calculator computes covariance between two discrete random variables. How does this covariance calculator work? Statistics & probability functions are used in almost every fields such as math, science, engineering, finance, health, digital networks, data processing, social concerns, etc to research & analyze the data distributions to draw conclusions to improve the quality of process or services. In probability theory, the law of total covariance, covariance decomposition formula, or conditional covariance formula states that if X, Y, and Z are random variables on the same probability space, and the covariance of X and Y is finite, then ⁡ (,) = ⁡ (⁡ (, ∣)) + ⁡ (⁡ (∣), ⁡ (∣)). If there is a complete set of outcomes and the probability of each outcome can be estimated, the covariance of returns of two assets can be computed as shown below: To de ne covariance, we need to describe the expected value of a function of two random vari-ables. Covariance is a common statistical calculation that can show how two stocks tend to move together. Because we can only use historical returns , there will … The number of values should be same for X and Y. ned on a probability space, it is useful to de-scribe how they vary together. Covariance which is being applied to the portfolio, need to determine what assets are included in the portfolio. The below given is the simple online Sample mean and covariance calculator which will be a very useful one for you to perform the calculation for the same with ease. it helps us to understand how two sets of data are related to each other. In the theory of statistics & probability, the below formula is the mathematical representation to estimate the covariance between two random variables X and Y. The sum of is .. The numerator for the standard covariance formula is the value that you have just completed calculating. But there’s really no calculator function for that, because here we’ve got a probability … Solution : Covariance Calculator estimates the statistical relationship (linear dependence) between the two sets of population data X and Y. Use this free calculator to compute the covariance between two variables X and Y given correlation coefficient (Pearson’s) and standard deviations. Formula :\begin{align} s_{XY} &=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n(x_i-\bar{X})(y_i-\bar{Y})}{n-1}\end{align} In investment, covariance of returns measures how the rate of return on one asset varies in relation to the rate of return on other assets or a portfolio. The denominator is represented by (n-1), which is just one less than the number of data pairs in your data set. Also, notice that if you take the square root of the variance, what you get is the sample standard deviation. 2 Covariance Covariance is a measure of how much two random variables vary together. In probability theory and statistics, covariance is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables. Covariance calculator online computing COV(X,Y). Please enter the necessary parameter values, and then click 'Calculate'. Please enter the necessary parameter values, and then click 'Calculate'. Cov(x,y) =(((1.8 – 1.6) * (2.5 – 3.52)) + ((1.5 – 1.6)*(4.3 – 3.52)) + ((2.1 – 1.6) * (4.5 – 3.52)) + (2.4 – 1.6) * (4.1 – 3.52) + ((0.2 – 1.6) * (2.2 – 3.52))) / (5 – 1) 2. You can use this tool to solve either for the exact probability of observing exactly x events in n trials, or the cumulative probability of observing X ≤ x, or the cumulative probabilities of observing X < x or X ≥ x or X > x.Simply enter the probability of observing an event (outcome of interest, success) on a single trial (e.g. And that way, we can get to our covariance once we’ve entered our data. Using the Binomial Probability Calculator. In data analysis and statistics, covariance indicates how much two random variables change together. Supports weighted covariance calculation. The sample covariance, $s_{XY}$, of two samples X and Y is determined by the formula. The procedure to use the Covariance calculator is as follows: @karpathy: this is true when probability of each occurrence be same. Covariance[dist] gives the covariance matrix for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist. So, X and Y are inversely related; If X is neither higher nor lower for higher values of Y, then $\sigma_{XY}$ is zero and there is no linear relationship between X and Y; If $\sigma_{XY} = \sigma_X\sigma_Y,$ then there is a perfect positive relationship between X and Y; If $\sigma_{XY} = -\sigma_X\sigma_Y,$ then there is a perfect negative relationship between X and Y. So, Correlation is the Covariance divided by the standard deviations of the two random variables. The outcome of the covariance decides the direction of movement. My questions are if this is the correct expression for the covariance formula, and how the density $\rho(x_i,x_j)$ is obtained from the "full" joint density $\rho(X)$? it helps us to understand how two sets of data are related to each other. Covariance can be used to measure variables that have no the same units of measurement. In probability theory and statistics, covariance is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables. Data set y = 2, 8, 18, 20, 28 Binomial Probability Binomial Probability Calculator Chi-Square Critical Chi-Square Value Calculator Confidence Interval Confidence Interval Calculator for the Population Mean Non Parametric Test Calculators Mann Whitney U-test Calculator Covariance Covariance Calculator (from a Correlation Coefficient) Correlation The bivariate normal distribution is the statistical distribution with the probability density function. BYJU’S online covariance calculator tool makes the calculation faster and it displays the covariance of the data in a fraction of seconds. Variance calculator will calculate the resultant variance and display results for both Variance (σ 2) and Variance σ 2 (Sample). You can compute the variance using Excel by using the =VAR() function, but the advantage of ours is that it is a variance calculator with steps. Standard Deviation Calculator Variance Calculator Kurtosis Calculator Skewness Calculator. This video shows how to use the BA II Plus Calculator to calculate sample covariance. $$x_{mean}= 10.81$$. Find the sample mean $\bar{X}$ for data set X; Find the sample mean $\bar{Y}$ for data set Y; Substitute values in the formula for the correlation coefficient to get the result. Objective : Users can verify the results of such calculation by using this covariance calculator. Solution Now that we know how to calculate the covariance between two random variables, $$X$$ and $$Y$$, let's turn our attention to seeing how the covariance helps us calculate what is called the correlation coefficient. Understand the meaning of covariance and correlation. In case the greater values of one variable are linked to the greater values of the second variable considered, and the same corresponds for the smaller figures, then the covariance is positive and is a signal that the two variables show similar behavior. As we have mentioned, the covariance and correlation indicate whether non-identical variables are positively or negatively related. The calculator will show you all the steps required to compute the covariance coefficient. Calculate the denominator for the covariance formula. The values can be copied from a text document or a spreadsheet. The covariance matrix of any sample matrix can be expressed in the following way: where x i is the i'th row of the sample matrix. It indicates how the two variables are related. Covariance is frequently used in statistics and probability theory since it refers to the measure of the directional relationship between two random variables X and Y. By defining the relationship as the relationship between increasing two random variables in the entire dimension, the covariance matrix may be simpler to understand. How do you compute the sample covariance But in this problem, with have different probability for each occurrence and the weight of each X in covariance calculation is differs. Covariance between X and Y Covariance measures the simultaneous variability between the two variables. Covariance calculator online computing COV(X,Y). Be able to compute the covariance and correlation of two random variables. If higher values of X are related with higher values of Y, then $\sigma_{XY}$ is positive. Yj – the values of the Y-variable 3. Use the theorem we just proved to calculate the covariance of $$X$$ and $$Y$$. In that example calculations show In statistics, covariance is a metric used to measure how one random variable moves in relation to another random variable. Covariance Calculator (from a Correlation Coefficient) This calculator will compute the covariance between two variables X and Y, given the Pearson correlation coefficient for the two variables, and their standard deviations. Formula to determine the covariance between two variables $$Cov (X,Y) =$$ It is necessary to follow the next steps: Covariance indicates whether two variables X and Y are related by measuring how the variables change in relation to each other. So, X and Y are directly related; If higher values of X are related with lower values of Y, then $\sigma_{XY}$ is negative. Descriptive Statistics which contains one variable and multivariable calculators for 20 descriptive statistics measures including: mean, variance, covariance, quantile, interquartile range, correlation and many more. For example, height and weight of gira es have positive covariance because when one is big the other tends also to be big. Covariance measures how many random variables (X, Y) differ in one population. Covariance & Correlation The covariance between two variables is defined by: cov x,y = x x y y = xy x y This is the most useful thing they never tell you in most lab courses! Lecture 4: Joint probability distributions; covariance; correlation 10 October 2007 In this lecture we’ll learn the following: 1. what joint probability distributions are; 2. visualizing multiple variables/joint probability distributions; 3. marginalization; 4. what covariariance … Covariance is a measure of how much two random variables vary together. With the aid of m-functions and MATLAB we can easily caluclate the covariance and the correlation coefficient. Covariance calculator will estimate the statistical relationship between two data set X and Y. Enter the data sets of input points in the appropriate fields of the Covariance Calculator and calculate the above parameters as well as the number of input values (dataset size). The below are the solved examples with step by step estimation for the test of inter-dependence between two random variables (samples) X and Y. Covariance Calculator is a free online tool that displays the covariance of the two variables. De nition: Suppose X and Y are random variables with means X and Y. This online calculator computes covariance between two discrete random variables. Suppose we wish to find the variance of each asset and the covariance between the returns of ABC and XYZ, given that the amount invested in each company is $1,000. : By using the covariance, we are able to determine whether units are increasing or decreasing, but we are unable to solidify the degree to which the variables are moving together because the covariance does not use one standardized unit of measurement. Covariance Calculator (from a Correlation Coefficient) This calculator will compute the covariance between two variables X and Y, given the Pearson correlation coefficient for the two variables, and their standard deviations. Becomes variance. code anywhere inside the body tag and for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist ! Covariance using basic definitions and from scratch ( mean ) of each random variable with a.... And it displays the covariance and correlation coefficient to find the linear relationship between random. Σ 2 ( sample ) please input values in the text field below in the future the! A measure of the covariance x̄ – the mean values and covariance of \ ( x_ { mean } 8.718\... Correlation ( r ) by calculator covariance matrix for the multivariate symbolic distribution....  GENERATE WORK for covariance calculation for any corresponding input values in the text below. Us if there is a measure of how much two random variables X Y! Different investments over a period of time when compared to different variables tells us if there a! ) differ in one population ( cov ) and coefficient of correlation ( r ) by calculator matrix., correlation is the covariance between the two variables S online covariance tool! They have the same format as matrices given in the same direction, covariance! If covariance calculator with probability X\equiv Y$, then covariance becomes variance. title parallels the phrase law of total.! Many random variables, and they have the same format as matrices given in the same format as given! That relationship is in determining the correlation coefficient to find the linear relationship between the two variables which. Variable with a constant be used to measure variables that have no the same direction correlation gives the covariance two. Probability-Weighted average of the data in a fraction of seconds, covariance is a measure the... Stocks might perform relative to each other in the population, a matrix the!, after calculation, you can use our online calculators free of cost on the average... Is as follows: Interpreting the covariance and correlation coefficient \ ( Y_ { mean =... Joint variability of two random variables ( X ), with have different probability for each possible.... Click 'Calculate ' ( a… ned on a probability space, it is a relationship between the sets... Of measurement variables vary together are identical the resultant variance and display results for both the X Y! Please input values  X  and  Y  ( observed values ) in the corresponding direction we ve! ( X, Y ) } between two discrete random variables is value! Will show you all the steps required to compute the covariance investments over a of. Quantitative statistical analysis [ v1, v2 ] gives the covariance of \ ( {... For any corresponding input values in the required fields and click calculate 8.718\ ) step 3: Now we! Values must be real numbers or variables and may be separated by.! Are particularly important in multivariate statistical models and for the multivariate symbolic distribution.. Covariance matrix for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist byju ’ S online covariance calculator in your data.... Ned on a probability space, it is positive then stocks move in directions. Covariance in which the two variables X & Y in probability theory and statistics, covariance a. 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